In collaboration with Parker Hannifin Corporation, the Fire Safety Branch of the FAA conducted testing to evaluate the effects of three potential failure conditions of hydrogen proton exchange (or polymer electrolyte) membrane fuel cell stacks supplied by Nuvera Fuel Cells. The three conditions examined were a loss of coolant to the stack, short circuit, and a crossflow condition.

The purpose of this action is to make changes to the Risk Management Program (RMP) rule in order to improve safety at facilities that use and distribute hazardous chemicals. Because majorand other serious and concerning RMP accidents continue to occur, this final rule aims to better identify and further regulate risky facilities to prevent accidental releases before they canoccur.

This report is developed as a part of the project “EMSA study investigating the safety of hydrogen as fuel on ships”. The overall objective of the project is to carry out a structured set of safety assessments and reliability analyses,delivering a Guidance document addressing ships using hydrogen as fuel. The purpose is to assist the industry and the regulators towards a safe and harmonised deployment of this relevant technology that could demonstrate an important step towards decarbonisation of the sector.

Experimental Investigation of Liquid Hydrogen Hazards, 1960 Film #1.  Videos of experiments of hydrogen releases in various sizes and conditions in support of fundamental understanding of flame behavior.

Video of how cryogenic system work.  Especially for LH2 for HSP

Quenching limits of hydrogen diffusion flames on small burners were observed. Four burner types,with diameters as small as 8 m, were considered: pinhole burners, curved-wall pinhole burners, tubeburners, and leaky fittings. In terms of mass flow rate, hydrogen had a lower quenching limit and a higherblowoff limit than either methane or propane. Hydrogen flames at their quenching limits were the weakest

Fuel Cell Basics and ApplicationsProperties of HydrogenPrimary Codes and StandardsFundamental Safety ConsiderationsHydrogen Safety ResourcesFirst Responder Training ResourcesConcluding Thoughts

AS THE WORLD SEEKS TO IDENTIFY alternative energy sources, hydrogen-powered fuel cells offer a broad range of benefits for the environment, the economy, and energy security. Hydrogen fuel cells have the potential to replace the internal combustion engine and to provide power in a wide range of stationary and portable applications.

Introduce the Hydrogen Safety Panel (HSP)Introduce key hydrogen safety resources that are availableOpen discussion on your hydrogen safety issues and needsExplore how the HSP can help the safe rollout of hydrogen and fuel cell technologiesIdentify projects that could utilize the HSP for impactful safety reviews

PNNL’s Hydrogen Safety ProgramWhy Hydrogen Fuel?Hydrogen – A Clean, Flexible Energy CarrierWhy Fuel Cells? H2@scale: Enabling Affordable, Reliable, Clean, and Secure Energy Across SectorsUpward trend with global fuel cell shipments 2018 U.S. Snapshot More details in Slides