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FC Electric Vehicles, Miscellaneous, Properties

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FC Electric Vehicles, Miscellaneous, Properties

Most common odorants will contaminate fuel cells. Additionally, hydrogen's small molecule and high buoyancy make it challenging to find a compatible odorant. Research is being conducted on fuel cell compatible odorants, but there are none currently in use. Like liquefied natural gas, liquid hydrogen also can’t be odorized due to its cryogenic temperature.

Category: Properties
Keywords: Odorant, Odor

Hydrogen has been used as a fuel to operate cars, buses, trucks, submarines, aircraft, forklifts, trains and virtually every type of mobile equipment. Each has special considerations which often drive specific requirements for that vehicle type. For example, higher g-loadings of rail operations and operations within tunnels are a couple considerations, but there are no significant barriers…

Keywords: Train

All systems must be designed for the applicable operating parameters such as pressure, temperature,
and flow. The sub-cooled liquid hydrogen (sLH2) approach for fueling is comparable to other processes
commonly used to handle cryogenic liquids in the industrial gas industry where remaining gas is
condensed during the fill operation. These processes often operate above the critical…

Detection systems are nearly always installed but the system design and installation details of detection equipment are up to the manufacturer. Standards are being developed for this market.

Flare-less compression style fittings are commonly used. Choose tubing materials and tube wall thicknesses suitable for hydrogen and pressures you are using. Make sure all tubing joints are properly made, mechanically supported to minimize stress and vibration, are in a ventilated space, and are easily accessible for inspection and leak testing. 

Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords: Tubing, Guidelines

In general, indoor storage should be limited and the use of hydrogen indoors should be the least necessary. Look to store flammable gases outdoors in dedicated protected area when practicable. Check to see what adopted building and fire codes in your jurisdiction say. NFPA 2, Hydrogen Technology Code, Sections 6.4.1 and 16.3 prescribe requirements to limit hydrogen storage and use in…

Category: Miscellaneous

Hydrogen flames can be nearly invisible in daylight, especially at low flowrates. The concentration of hydrogen does not have much effect on the color of the flame. Many hydrogen incidents or fires will have a bright orange hue, or even yellow flames. The color is primarily caused by contaminants that is either naturally in the air in certain environments, swept into the air during the release…

Category: Properties
Keywords: Fire, Flame

Purging is not recommended as a continuous part of vent stack operation. However, maintenance activity is a transient event and it’s prudent and recommended to purge a vent system prior to performing maintenance. It’s always possible that hydrogen could be leaking internally from a valve or other component and therefore create a hazard. Of particular note, care must be taken that proper…

Category: Miscellaneous

We are not aware of a study for blended NG/H2. However, for high concentrations of NG, the vent system should be similar to NG, which still recommends a vent system as NG is less dense than air. For nearly pure hydrogen the recommendations of this presentation are in effect.

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We would not open the vent system to inspect the internal piping without a good reason.

It is recommended to check for water in the vent stack trap

  1. At startup and daily during startup.
  2. On LH2 tank system, every delivery
  3. After the 1st rainstorm after a system is installed
  4. LH2 vent stacks after establishing the baseline above
    1. After every large…
Category: Miscellaneous
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