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FAQ Categories: System Design


When it is necessary or desirable to work on a part of a hydrogen system while another part of the system remains in operation or in standby condition. An example is a system with two compressors…

The most common means to warm liquid or cold gaseous hydrogen is the use of ambient air vaporizers using ambient atmospheric. Other means can be through the use of electric heat or process waste…

Requirements for local jurisdictions vary, so the AHJ should be consulted, but NFPA 2:2023, Hydrogen Technologies Code, Chapter 13 has requirements for installation of hydrogen generators up to…

Yes, for all stacks. GH2 has a minimum prescriptive height of 10 ft. There is no minimum prescriptive height for LH2. However, 25 ft has been a best practice for the industry for years. Vent stack…

Refineries and large petrochemical plants will frequently have flare systems for H2 and other flammable materials. One of the major purposes of these flare systems is to prevent a large unignited…

Generally flaring is not recommended. Normally GH2 is not flared for most hydrogen equipment as the piping diameters are smaller. The largest stacks are the LH2 vent stacks on trailers and on…

Nearly all hydrogen storage tanks and hydrogen storage systems will need some type of pressure relief system to protect the vessels from overpressure. If there are pressure relief devices, some…

Fuels like gasoline are exempt from OSHA process safety management (PSM) requirements. When asked about the applicability for hydrogen storage larger than 10,000 lb (4500 kg) being used as a…

See H2Tools, Best Practices: Purging, for a description of different purging approaches for hydrogen systems.

This is a fairly common arrangement and can be acceptable if properly designed. Some considerations:

  1. The main concern is low temperature downstream of the mixing point, in case of…

Design of vent header lines is critical to the safety of the system. From a process perspective, the pipe design must be sufficient to withstand back pressure, thrust forces from the flow, and…

Vent stacks must be designed for a fire at the outlet. The mesh is designed to ensure no blockage of the vent stack by animals/insects. 

Additionally, the mesh must be designed for…

No, in nearly all cases, a deluge system is not needed. The proper sizing of relief devices using documents such as CGA S1.3 will ensure that they are of sufficient size to address worst case…

As is mentioned in the question, it should always be assumed that vent stack fires will occur. The vent stack must be designed to withstand a possible deflagration and the heat from a continuous…

There is no maximum flow-rate that can be vented to the atmosphere, but the hazard analysis should consider the potential risk of dispersion, radiation, and overpressure as part of the vent system…

The recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices (RAGAGEP) for employing a purge into a hydrogen vent stack is that inerting is not generally used. Best practice is that the vent…

The recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices (RAGAGEP) for employing a nitrogen purge into a hydrogen vent stack is that inerting is not generally used for nitrogen purge in a…

The lifetimes of these components will vary depending upon the application, their installation environment, and usage. It is also important to adhere to the component inspection, maintenance and…

Plugging is a concern before, during, and after a release. Prior to the release, water may accumulate in the vent system from weather conditions (rain, snow, etc.) or from condensation,…

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