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Piping, Storage

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Piping, Storage

The code used for repair and alterations of an existing system depends on the code used for construction as well as on the requirements imposed by the jurisdiction. Note that getting a permit from the jurisdiction may be necessary for an extensive alteration.

Code of ConstructionGenerally Accepted Code for Repair and Alterations…
Category: Piping
Keywords: Piping, Codes

The HSP recommends against the use of glycols for pressure tests due to the difficulty of adequately removing all glycol that might be left in a system after a hydrotest. The HSP recommends a pneumatic test at 110% of the system maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP), which is acceptable by code. Due to an increased danger with pneumatics vs hydrotesting, establish a pressure test zone for…

Category: Piping

The Panel recommends performing a pressure test at 110% of design pressure. This requirement should be applied to all systems regardless of construction type since the intent is to ensure pressure integrity and proper installation. All fitting types have modes of failure during installation. For example, there are numerous examples where compression fittings have had ferrules installed…

Category: Piping

Double pipes can be used in certain circumstances to reduce the likelihood of external leaks and increase
the likelihood of detection by monitoring the space between the two pipes. Vacuum jacketed piping is
double walled and is used in liquid hydrogen service to provide insulation. While not equipped with gas
detection in the annular space, loss of vacuum is used to indicate an…

Category: Piping

Liquid hydrogen is much less likely to pool than liquified natural gas (LNG) due to its low heat of vaporization. Very large facilities are often equipped with methods to enhance vaporization, such as crushed stone under tanks, as well as diversion systems to allow liquid hydrogen to spill and boil off in a safe area. Care needs to be taken that diversion systems do not create a hazardous…

Category: Storage

By definition, liquid hydrogen can BLEVE, but this is highly unlikely. Liquid hydrogen is stored in a double wall tank with vacuum insulation. This protects the primary pressure vessel from direct impingement and the very cold liquid provides self-cooling of the vessel walls. Tanks are also equipped with redundant pressure relief systems that are sized for fire exposure.

Category: Storage

Underground storage tanks can be either installed in a vault or directly buried. Both offer additional
protection from external impact and fire, but each has unique challenges. Vaults must be properly
ventilated and designed to not create an explosion or asphyxiation risk. Direct burial vessels should not
have any underground leak points and must be protected from corrosion. Both…

Category: Storage

The primary safety standards for applicable to this piping in the U.S. are ASME B31.3, B31.12, and NFPA 2. The editions used should be those adopted by the local jurisdiction. Design of an LH2 piping system should always be conducted and reviewed by engineers experienced in cryogenic piping design. The equipment should also be installed per NFPA 2 and NFPA 55. IT is recommended that the piping…

Category: Piping

This can be a complex problem and response to insulation failure should be considered in the emergency response guidelines and procedures. 
First, a tank with an insulation failure may boil off at an elevated rate which applicable codes build into the relief device and vent system design.
Second, ice and oxygen enriched liquefied air can form where inadequately insulated surfaces…

Category: Storage
Keywords: Storage, Oxygen, Leak, Safety, Tank
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