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Hydrogen Release and Fire at Pipeline Meter Station During Winter Storm (1056)

A hydrogen release and subsequent fire occurred at meter station of a pipeline transporting hydrogen to a refinery. Local refinery emergency response team responded and secured the area. The pipeline was isolated, and the fire extinguished itself. During a winter storm, the area was experiencing abnormal freezing conditions and widespread power outages were occurring. As a result, third party hydrogen supply to the refinery was reduced. These upsets resulted in the need to export larger than normal flow rates on the hydrogen pipeline.

Release from a Hydrogen Truck (1055)

A hydrogen leak took place on a trailer carrying compressed hydrogen, located inside the fenced perimeter of a hydrogen station. According to the company managing the hydrogen delivery and refuelling station, the leak did not pose any risk to people or the environment. A preliminary assessment identified a faulty valve s source of the leak, but t was unclear a that time if it was a single defect or a systemic (i.e. design) problem.

Explosion of a Storage Vessel in a Hydrogen Production Facility (1053)

This incident occurred at the hydrogen production and storage unit of (probably) a power plant using hydrogen as a coolant of the turbine-generator system. Hydrogen was produced probably by water electrolysis (the source does not say it) and stored in 6 steel tanks. One of the six hydrogen storage tanks exploded killing a staff member. The investigation determined that a mixing of hydrogen and oxygen occurred in the tank. The needle valve of the hydrogen and oxygen pressure regulator as jammed, and the oxygen leaked into the hydrogen main supply line and entered the hydrogen tank.

Fire in a Fertilizers Plant (1052)

a gas leakage (approximately 70% hydrogen, 21% nitrogen and the rest carbon monoxide and other impurities) occurred at the connection between a temperature measurement casing and a flange in the carbonization workshop cleaning tower. The leakage was reported to the plant leader, who issued the request to the workers to use iron cards and rubber plates to plug the leak. The operation failed and the leakage continued. At 17:00, at the request of the plant leader, the workers used a tire inner tube to wrap the leak.

Explosion of a Flammable Mixture in a Petrochemical Plant (1042)

The incident occurred in a catalytic reforming unit. At 13:41, a leak occurred at the 90 elbow of a pressure pipe containing a mixture of hydrogen and naphtha. This pipe was located between the pre-hydrogenation heat exchanger and the pre-hydrogenation product tower heat exchanger. The flammable material leaking from the pipe burst into flames, and at 13:51 and 14:21 there were two more explosive combustions.

Fire When Refilling a Cylinder at a Hydrogen Storage Facility (1036)

While filling a 9 litre gas cylinder with pressurised hydrogen in the hydrogen storage area, a blast occurred which destroyed the low pressure gauge, followed by a jet fire which damaged the surface of the cylinder.The cylinder to be filled, including pressure gauge and control system, had been provided by a third party. Its nominal pressure was 35 MPa, however the maximal pressure of this filling would have been much lower, less than 20 MPa, corresponding to the maximal pressure of the bulk storage available.

Prd Failing to Open (1035)

A cryogenic hydrogen laboratory had a power outage. The cryogenic hydrogen storage was no longer being cooled, therefore temperatures and pressures within the storage system started rising. There were several relief devices on the system, one with a set point of 150 psi (approximately 1 MPa) and a second at a set point of 165 psi (1.1 MPa). The system was monitored by site personnel so that when the hydrogen pressure increased to 120 psi (approximately 0.5 MPa), a manual vent was opened. However, the manual vent rate was not able to control the rising pressure.

Release of a Pressure Release Valve (1034)

A hydrogen safety sensor went into alarm at a hydrogen demonstration facility. The early morning temperature was near freezing and there was a trace of precipitation on exposed surfaces. Upon further inspection following the sensor alarm, a 3,500 psig (approximately 24 MPa) stationary storage vent was found to be releasing hydrogen through the PRD vent stack (PRD = Pressure Relief Device). The alarming sensor was at an adjacent building but responded to hydrogen 20 yards (18 m) downwind from the vent location. The vent release location is 10 feet (3 m) above ground level.

Explosion of an Autoclave in a Laboratory (1033)

A researcher was conducting an experiment that involved sawdust being heated at pressure using hydrogen gas in an laboratory-scale autoclave.The gas leaked from the autoclave during the experiment and ignited, causing injuries to the scientist (cuts, bruises and facial burns).The explosion caused extensive damage to the building, propelling debris more than 20 metres into a garden area.
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