The incident occurred in a catalytic reforming unit. At 13:41, a leak occurred at the 90 elbow of a pressure pipe containing a mixture of hydrogen and naphtha. This pipe was located between the pre-hydrogenation heat exchanger and the pre-hydrogenation product tower heat exchanger. The flammable material leaking from the pipe burst into flames, and at 13:51 and 14:21 there were two more explosive combustions.

A cryogenic hydrogen laboratory had a power outage. The cryogenic hydrogen storage was no longer being cooled, therefore temperatures and pressures within the storage system started rising. There were several relief devices on the system, one with a set point of 150 psi (approximately 1 MPa) and a second at a set point of 165 psi (1.1 MPa). The system was monitored by site personnel so that when the hydrogen pressure increased to 120 psi (approximately 0.5 MPa), a manual vent was opened. However, the manual vent rate was not able to control the rising pressure.

During agricultural drainage work carried out by a farmer, an explosion occurred on a hydrogen pipeline located in a field. Flames several meters high were visible and two houses were evacuated. A safety perimeter was set up. The pipeline operator applied procedures to ensure the safety of the local residents and the pipeline.The damaged pipe was listed by the operator. The farmer did not declare the work site and no verification was done before starting the work.[ARIA event 57406]

An implosion/explosion occurred on a furnace in a company of copper metallurgy. The incident occurred at the end of the production cycle, when the furnace bell is lifted at the end of the cooling process. The operator in charge of the lifting was thrown away and slightly burned in the face. The victim was evacuated and the emergency services were alerted. The building structures (windows, doors, roof) experienced serious damage. The power supply was switched off.

Hydrogen leak due to a fault with non-process related battery equipment.After reporting the hydrogen leak, fire crews have been called to a gas terminal. The leak was due to a fault with non-process related battery equipment.

The explosion was followed by a fire. Eyewitnesses reported seeing a "huge gush of fire". The local fire and rescue team brought the fire under control.According to the company, the explosion was caused by a problem with a pipe that led to a fire involving a mixture of gases including hydrogen, nitrogen and ammonia. The two injured members of staff were treated for shock.

The incident occurred in a pharmaceutical plant. A disk ruptured on the vent of a reactor and the reaction mixture was projected onto a frontage of the synthesis workshop. It caused a spill of 700 l of a mixture of monochlorobenzene (which is flammable liquid) and sodium borohydride (which is toxic). The plant operator manually activated the emergency response plan, evacuating the personnel. The internal emergency services set up a foam blanket on the spill, then carry out a water washing. The discharge valves were closed and the product was recovered in the fire retention basins.

The leak occurred at the hydro-isomerisation unit of a refinery. Following the observation of a pressure drop between two heat exchangers, controls were carried out on site. A noise was heard, but no gas detection was activated on the unit. A hydrogen leak was detected but the source was not identified. Following the detection of hydrogen, the access to the unit was forbidden and emergency services and the fire department alerted. The unit was decompressed using the safety flare. When the pressure was sufficiently reduced, two operators looked for the origin of the leak.

During a work tour on a refinery, an employee noticed a fire at the level of a flange at the inlet of the grille of an exchanger, located at the outlet of a reactor of the catalytic reforming unit.The plant operator detected a lack of uniformity of torque on the bolts. Two years ago, during a shutdown period, some parts of the exchanger had been removed for inspection. The flange on the heat exchanger side was not easily accessible. On reassembly, the presence of a pipe tee near the flange made it difficult to tighten with a bolting machine.

A detonation was heard and the hydrogen supply of the site was automatically shut down by the safety devices.The fire was caused by a hydrogen leak and led to the formation of a fireball at the end of a hose at the conditioning station. A plant employee had just disconnected the hose sued for the filling of a semi-trailer. He did so to be able to change a non-return valve which was vibrating noisily. The hydrogen supply had been stopped, the automatic system had been switched to manual mode and the hose had been drained and disconnected.