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Explosions, Miscellaneous

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Explosions, Miscellaneous

Because a small spark can ignite hydrogen-air mixtures, precautions such as using spark-resistant tools is one method that can be considered to reduce the probability of an ignition. However, there is little evidence that spark-resistant tools make a significant difference.   


Spark-resistant tools are made of nonferrous materials that are inherently weaker than the steels…

Category: Miscellaneous

In the U.S., there is no specific national requirement for fuel cell test equipment to be certified. There may be requirements from the local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). Local building codes will likely point to compliance with NFPA 2/55 for the hydrogen and other gas supply systems, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for vessels, ASME B31 piping codes for piping, and National…

Category: Miscellaneous

Because hydrogen is labeled as a hazardous substance, sometimes people are concerned about the environmental impact of releasing liquid hydrogen. There are currently no regulations that require reporting of hydrogen releases for environmental reasons.


However, there are safety implications. For example, the US DOT requires reporting of hazardous materials releases under certain…

Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords: Liquid, Spill, Ditch, Sewer, Lake, River

Purging of vent systems is not required and in most instances is not recommended.

A nitrogen purge is generally not needed for a vent system designed in accordance with CGA G-5.5.  However, there are times where this might be considered or required due to the specific design of a system.  Where determined by a risk review to be needed, A continuous purge into a vent system…

Category: Miscellaneous

Off gassing of hydrogen from battery sources depends on battery chemistry, usage/duty cycle, age, and other considerations. The specific battery manufacturer should provide recommendations for fire prevention and mitigation in battery charging rooms as the battery itself impacts how an event would be mitigated. Adequate ventilation such that combustible mixtures cannot develop is a general…

Category: Miscellaneous

Yes, the pressure safety relief system on LH2 tanks is sized for the loss of vacuum condition. The spring-loaded safety valves are sized for lower demand cases such as runaway pressure build or loss of vacuum. Higher demand requirements, such as loss of vacuum combined with fire, are handled by the rupture discs and are sized for such an event.

Category: Miscellaneous

The cleanliness of an H2 piping system is often based on end use requirements since the purity of the system may impact the end use application. Cleanliness required for end use purity is usually much greater than that required to prevent condensation or oxygen content sufficient to create a safety risk. While not required for the same safety reasons as oxygen safety, specifying a system to be…

Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords: Maintenance, Piping

Yes, these would be ignitable mixtures.  In this case, it does not appear complicated geometry is involved, so 1200 psig pipe should be more than adequate to protect against internal deflagration. The most likely scenario is a "backfire," similar to a car, where ignition occurs too soon and shoots out the open end of the pipe. Consider using an inline deflagration flash arrestor on the…

Category: Explosions

There is no generalized exception for hydrogen fueling stations.  However, PSM is intended for employee protection. It’s not intended for retail operations or customers. Through paragraph 1910.119 (a)(2)(1) of the regulation, PSM exempts retail facilities. Some may use this exemption as a means to exclude H2 retail fuel sites from PSM.


Fuel stations that are non-retail, such as…

Category: Miscellaneous

The information provided is not only outdated in terminology, but also misleading in quantifying the dispersion of hydrogen in terms of comparison of diffusion of air in air. Hydrogen diffuses 4X faster than air, and the rate of mixing has many variables, so there isn’t just one answer. However, it’s generically safe to say that an initial hydrogen gas cloud outdoors and unconfined will…

Category: Miscellaneous
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