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Hydrogen has been used as a fuel to operate cars, buses, trucks, submarines, aircraft, forklifts, trains and virtually every type of mobile equipment. Each has special considerations which often drive specific requirements for that vehicle type. For example, higher g-loadings of rail operations and operations within tunnels are a couple considerations, but there are no significant barriers…
All systems must be designed for the applicable operating parameters such as pressure, temperature,
and flow. The sub-cooled liquid hydrogen (sLH2) approach for fueling is comparable to other processes
commonly used to handle cryogenic liquids in the industrial gas industry where remaining gas is
condensed during the fill operation. These processes often operate above the critical…
Nitrogen/helium blends are frequently used to leak test hydrogen systems.
Speed of detection, detection limit, location, and cross-sensitivity are some of many criteria that might be used for selecting a detector. A common setpoint for gaseous hydrogen detection is 25% of LFL, or 1% concentration in air. However, the detection limit also depends on the system and exposure. When specific hazards are likely, detectors may have detection limits in the low-ppm range.…
Detection systems are nearly always installed but the system design and installation details of detection equipment are up to the manufacturer. Standards are being developed for this market.
Leak detection system requirements depend on the system design and applicable codes. The
appropriateness of detection equipment depend on many factors, including the type of system,
application, location, and probability of leaks. For example, hydrogen refueling stations are required by
code to be equipped with leak detection systems.
While hydrogen gas detectors are less effective outdoors, they can be an important safeguard as part of an overall hydrogen system design. They have been used in many cases to automatically shut down equipment and isolate hydrogen supply. Location and type of detectors depend on the system design and siting, but when installed, should be in areas that are most likely to be exposed to hydrogen…
Training personnel and equipping them with portable gas detectors to properly identify the gas that is
leaking can play an important role in both troubleshooting and emergency response.
The manufacturer’s calibration requirements should be followed to ensure proper operation of the
detection system. The requirements will vary depending on the type of detector and the environment in
which they are installed. Calibration can usually be performed by the user/owner if properly trained and
supplied with calibration gas, etc.
Flare-less compression style fittings are commonly used. Choose tubing materials and tube wall thicknesses suitable for hydrogen and pressures you are using. Make sure all tubing joints are properly made, mechanically supported to minimize stress and vibration, are in a ventilated space, and are easily accessible for inspection and leak testing.
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