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It is not, but the vent stack design outlet is based on radiant heat exposure.

Category: System Design
Keywords: Exposure, Setback Distance, Vent Stack, Liquid Hydrogen

A pressure gauge is not usually provided, as one set of devices (safety valve and rupture disc) is always online by design. If the diverter valve connecting the two sets of relief devices is in the center position, both sets are online although depending upon the design of the diverter valve, it might not allow full flow in either direction. For the secondary stack with a rupture disc and a…

Category: System Design
Keywords: Rupture Disc, Safety Valve, Pressure Gauge

The pressure regulator controls the liquid flow from the tank to the pressure build (PB) vaporizer. As the tank pressure falls, the pressure regulator opens. When the set pressure of the regulator is reached, then the regulator closes. The pressure build circuit depends largely on the required use pressure and the system house-line pressure drop, which is driven by peak flow rate, pressure,…

Category: System Design
Keywords: Safety, Pressure, Regulator

The most common means to warm liquid or cold gaseous hydrogen is the use of ambient air vaporizers using ambient atmospheric. Other means can be through the use of electric heat or process waste heat.  

Category: System Design
Keywords: Vaporizers, Media, Economizer

Typically, the inner vessel material used is 304 SS and the outer vessel is a combination of 304 SS and carbon steel depending on location. 316 SS or 316L material can be used, but due to higher cost and lower strength, are typically only used for higher purity systems. Nearly all tanks manufactured today use various forms of vacuum jacketed multilayer insulation for best performance. Older…

Category: System Design
Keywords: Storage, Tank, Material Selection, Materials

Catalytic recombiners are effective at preventing flammable hydrogen mixtures and also sometimes useful to monitor hydrogen concentrations through heat evolution when an oxidizer is present. Careful considerations must be made when integrating these elements into a design, so that they do not become a source ignition (and/or flame arrestors prevent propagation of a flame front) and the…

Category: System Design
Keywords: Catalyst, Flameless Reaction

The end use of hydrogen usually drives the cleaning for initial construction. 

  1. When the hydrogen is used for combustion and many industrial applications, normal care during construction and leak testing is usually adequate. 
  2. When the hydrogen needs to be very pure, as is the case for PEM fuel cell applications, more…
Category: System Design
Keywords: Clean, Component, System

The vent system should be designed for the temperature at which it operates (ambient for GH2 and Cryogenic for LH2). The outlet of the vent system should be designed for a fire to ensure the mechanical integrity of the vent system. 

The supports should also be designed for these temperatures and the associated expansion and contraction. 

It should be ensured that moisture…

Category: System Design
Keywords: GH2, Temperature, Vent System

Vent stacks and building ventilation systems are different and should be analyzed/designed differently. NFPA 2 has different location requirements for vent stack and ventilation system outlets. There are code requirements for elevation, distances from exposures, and between exposures. 

There are no specific regulatory or code requirements for vent system separation distances. These…

Category: System Design
Keywords: Vent Stack, NFPA 2, Requirements

Several programs can predict this such as HyRAM or PHAST. The inputs are critical to a safe
answer.

This is not a simple answer due to the many types of flame lengths and flame orientations due to pressure and direction. NFPA 2 recommends that vent systems should be designed so that if the safety relief valve is relieving at capacity the radiative heat felt by an individual at grade…

Category: Hazards Analysis
Keywords: Radiation, Standards, NFPA 2, Guidelines
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