A "drop and swap" delivery system using tube trailers is a common and accepted method of supply for both industrial and fueling station applications. While NFPA 2 - 2023, paragraph 10.6.3.5 states, "The use of hose in a hydrogen dispensing system shall be limited to vehicle fueling hose," this is intended for the dispenser itself, not the entire fueling station. This does not limit the use of…
Many methods are used to mitigate the risk of a tube trailer hose loss of containment incident. Examples that otherwise exceed code requirements are provided below. These have been deployed in various combinations depending on the risk analysis for a particular system:
In the U.S., there is no specific national requirement for fuel cell test equipment to be certified. There may be requirements from the local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). Local building codes will likely point to compliance with NFPA 2/55 for the hydrogen and other gas supply systems, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for vessels, ASME B31 piping codes for piping, and National…
Because a small spark can ignite hydrogen-air mixtures, precautions such as using spark-resistant tools is one method that can be considered to reduce the probability of an ignition. However, there is little evidence that spark-resistant tools make a significant difference.
Spark-resistant tools are made of nonferrous materials that are inherently weaker than the steels…
It depends on the construction and location of the lights. Assuming the typical practice of using non-classified lighting on vehicles, operation of those lights during a delivery could provide an ignition source if located within the classified area near the delivery or venting activity. A more modern LED lighting systems may present a lower risk.
In addition to ANSI/CSA FC1-2014, search for fuel cells in the Hydrogen Fuel Cell Codes & Standards
or H2Tools Bibliography sections.
It is common to have combustible materials and fuels in a building during construction activities. Commissioning is typically considered part of construction. It is good to see that fire suppression is available. However, given the lack of alarm capabilities, it would seem prudent to have a fire watch posted when hazardous materials are present or being used. Regarding requirements, the…
Type 1 steel tanks can be cut with a welding torch, so they can definitely be impacted by flame impingement. Above 400-500 C° the material properties of steel will start to degrade.
It is challenging to protect a vessel, either Type 1 steel or composite Type 2, 3, or 4 from an impinging fire since the safety devices may not see the elevated temperatures in the area of impingement.…
LNG storage, plumbing, and other systems can’t be directly retrofitted to handle hydrogen. The LNG components and systems will need to be removed and replaced with equipment specifically designed for hydrogen. If the concept is to convert existing equipment or an existing ship, then it’s probably impossible. If it’s to convert an existing LNG design on paper, then it’s probably impractical.…
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