Hydrogen sensing is essential to ensure safety in near-future zero-emission fuel cell powered vehicles. Here, we present a novel hydrogen sensor based on the resonant frequency change of a nanoelectromechanical clamped-clamped beam. The beam is coated with a Pd layer, which expands in the presence of H-2, therefore generating a stress build-up that causes the frequency of the device to drop. The devices are able to detect H-2 concentrations below 0.5%2within 1 s of the onset of the exposure using only a few hundreds of pW of power, matching the industry requirements for H-2 safety sensors. In addition, we investigate the strongly detrimental effect that relative humidity (RH) has on the Pd responsivity to H-2, showing that the response is almost nullified at about 70%2RH. As a remedy for this intrinsic limitation, we applied a mild heating current through the beam, generating a few mu W of power, whereby the responsivity of the sensors is fully restored and the chemo-mechanical process is accelerated, significantly decreasing response times. The sensors are fabricated using standard processes, facilitating their eventual mass-production.
10.1039/c2nr30639e
4
Times Cited: 6 Villanueva, Luis Guillermo/C-4904-2009; Henriksson, Jonas/B-5182-2012 Villanueva, Luis Guillermo/0000-0003-3340-2930; Henriksson, Jonas/0000-0002-6338-2291 6
5059-5064
2040-3364