The Effect of Bleaching Systems on the Gingiva and the Levels of IL-1 beta and IL-10 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the color change and clinical periodontal parameters and to analyze the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients treated with different bleaching systems. Materials and Methods: According to pre-established criteria, 30 healthy volunteers were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n=10): G1, home bleaching (Opalescence 35%2Carbamide Peroxide, CP); G2, chemically activated office bleaching (Opalescence Xtra Boost 38%2Hydrogen Peroxide, HP); G3, light-activated office bleaching (Opalescence Xtra 35%2HP). Treatments were applied according to the manufacturer's recommendations. After shade evaluation, clinical periodontal parameters were evaluated as follows: gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). GCF were collected from six maxillary sites per patient at baseline (TO), one day (T1) after bleaching treatments, and 15 days (T2) after bleaching treatments and analyzed for IL-1 beta and IL-10 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (p0.05). In G3, the total amount of IL-1 beta after 15 days was higher than the amount before bleaching (p0.05). Conclusion: Home and chemically activated bleaching systems could be considered as safer in tooth whitening and maintaining gingival health when compared with a light-activated bleaching system, which might lead to increased proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1 beta).