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Site Planning, System Design

Category

Site Planning, System Design

Each installation should be evaluated based on the results of a hazard analysis considering both of these
scenarios. Separation distances as listed in documents such as NFPA 2, Hydrogen Technologies Code, are
a minimum starting point but may need to be adjusted based on analysis. Recent work by NFPA 2 has
also included overpressure criteria, but the consequences can vary depending on…

Category: Site Planning

The containerized electrolysis unit should be installed per manufacturer instructions, the requirements
of its listing such as to ISO 22734, Hydrogen generators using water electrolysis - Industrial, commercial,
and residential applications, and NFPA 2, Hydrogen Technologies Code. A primary consideration for
indoor installation is the potential for hydrogen releases from the system,…

Category: System Design

The suspected cause was a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen that passed downstream from the electrolysis unit into several storage vessels. Hydrogen-oxygen mixtures are very hazardous. Subsequent ignition resulted in internal pressure that exceeded the limits of the storage system. The design of electrolyzers, detection of upset conditions, and preventing the accumulation of oxygen within the…

Category: System Design

Documents such as NFPA 2, Hydrogen Technologies Code, and the International Fire Code have quantity thresholds that differentiate requirements for the design of systems and enclosures. However, even the smaller quantities present a hazard under specific conditions, especially for systems that have the potential to release hydrogen into a confined or unvented space. Good engineering judgement…

Category: Site Planning

Dispersion and radiation analysis should be conducted to ensure that the hydrogen cloud will not interfere with the flight path of aircraft. In addition, there may be maximum height requirements due to airport requirements depending on the location of the stack.

Category: Site Planning

There is no maximum flow-rate that can be vented to the atmosphere, but the hazard analysis should consider the potential risk of dispersion, radiation, and overpressure as part of the vent system design. Flare systems are often used at large hydrogen production facilities as one means to prevent a large unignited cloud from forming but will depend on the specific application.

Category: System Design

The routing will be dependent on the system design, size of release, and evaluation of the hazards.
Smaller systems are rarely vented to a flare due to complexity, availability and permitting considerations.
Facilities handling large amounts of hydrogen such as production plants will often have a flare system
since they have more capability for this additional onsite infrastructure.…

Category: System Design

There is some indication that toroidal rings can reduce static buildup and ignition of hydrogen from a vent. However, while toroidal rings may help with static, they have not been proven to eliminate all static ignition sources. There are also other sources of ignition that they would not prevent, so they might reduce but not eliminate, vent stack fires. Another method that can be reliably…

Category: System Design

The suitability of flame arrestors depends on the design of the system, but generally flame arrestors are
rarely needed for hydrogen systems when there is a 100% hydrogen atmosphere upstream of the vent,
and when the downstream vent system is designed to withstand internal ignition. Flame arrestors can
also cause potential blockage or restriction of flow, so relative risks need to be…

Category: System Design

Guidance for location of vent stacks is provided by NFPA 2, Hydrogen Technologies Code, which also references CGA G5.5, Hydrogen Vent Systems, for additional guidance. Minimum distances to vent stack outlets should be determined from dispersion and radiation analyses. The height of the vent stack and orientation of the release will affect the minimum separation distance.

Category: Site Planning
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