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Abstract

With the simple structure and refueling process, the compressed hydrogen storage system is currently widely used. However, thermal effects during charging-discharging cycle may induce temperature change in storage tank, which has significant impact on the performance of hydrogen storage and the safety of hydrogen storage tank. In our previous works, the final hydrogen temperature, the hydrogen pre-cooling temperature and the final hydrogen mass during refueling process were expressed based on the analytical solutions of a single zone (hydrogen gas) lumped parameter thermodynamic model of high pressure compressed hydrogen storage systems. To address this issue, we once propose a single zone lumped parameter model to obtain the analytical solution of hydrogen temperature, and use the analytical solution to estimate the hydrogen temperature, but the effect of the tank wall is ignored. For better description of the heat transfer characteristics of the tank wall, a dual zone (hydrogen gas and tank wall) lumped parameter model will be considered for widely representation of the reference (experimental or simulated) data. Now, we extend the single zone model to the dual zone model which uses two different temperatures for gas zone and wall zone. The dual zone model contains two coupled differential equations. To solve them and obtain the solution, we use the method of decoupling the coupled differential equations and coupling the solutions of the decoupled differential equations. The steps of the method include: (1) Decoupling of coupled differential equations; (2) Solving decoupled differential equations; (3) Coupling of solutions of differential equations; (4) Solving coupled algebraic equations. Herein, three cases are taken into consideration: constant inflow/outflow temperature, variable inflow/outflow temperature and constant inflow temperature and variable outflow temperature. The corresponding approximate analytical solutions of hydrogen temperature and wall temperature can be obtained. With hydrogen temperature and hydrogen mass, the hydrogen pressure can be calculated with using the equation of state for ideal gas. Besides, the two coupled differential equations can also be solved numerically and the simulated solution can also be obtained. The SAE J2601 developed a standard fueling protocol based on the so-called MC Method to a formula based approach, as an extension of the early look-up table approach. This study will help to set up another formula based approach of refueling protocol for gaseous hydrogen vehicles.

Year of Conference
2017
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