The HSP is not familiar with this particular fitting or its potential application in H2 service but can offer engineering judgment. Many similar compression-type swaged fittings are used in H2 service. These fittings must be used within the manufacturer recommendations for pressure, temperature, and fluid service. Deformation is also introduced into stainless steel tubing in other ways, such…
In the case of fuel-rich mixtures like those in the question, the heat of combustion for the mixture should be calculated on the basis of the oxygen content of the mixture. The heat of combustion per mole oxygen is twice the heat of combustion per mole hydrogen, i.e., it is 286*2 kJ per mole O2. You should be able to do the calculations based on this reply.
The Panel considers two approaches to be acceptable.
The HSP is not aware of any immediate provisions in the IFC or CFC specific to maritime hydrogen fueling, but it would make sense for it to be addressed in either IFC Section 2309, Section 2310, or referenced in both. In NFPA 2, the HSP has not seen any proposals to date; however, anyone who sees a need is encouraged to submit language during the Public Input stage. For example, extensive…
Neither section is a perfect fit for marine hydrogen fueling, but that is often the case with applying Codes. The most prudent approach is to draw from the most relevant provisions of both CFC Sections 2309 and 2310, disregarding requirements that clearly do not align with marine fueling practices. For example, CFC Section 2309 requires a vehicle to be parked on a concrete fueling pad—…
The HSP is not aware of any specific standards for this application, but LNG standards could serve as a useful starting point given the extensive maritime trade of LNG and its use in ship propulsion. Meeting LNG requirements could provide a minimum baseline, with additional considerations needed to account for the colder temperatures of liquid hydrogen (e.g., purging, air liquefaction,…
This is a complex and sometimes contentious topic. The International Code Council (ICC) addresses hydrogen piping in the …
If liquid hydrogen usage is sufficiently high at the fueling station, there may be no need to vent any boiloff generated from the LH2 storage tank. Boil-off gas should be minimized through system design, but where needed, the boil-off hydrogen along with any other hydrogen released must be vented through a local vent stack which is constructed to safely vent the hydrogen in accordance with CGA…
This is not an easy question since many factors influence how much hydrogen can be transferred from one vessel at a higher pressure to another one at a lower pressure and the rate at which it can be transferred. The pressure in the higher vessel will fall while that in the lower vessel will rise as gas is transferred, so the flow rate will typically slow down and eventually stop as the…
It varies slightly due to different density of LH2 at different temperatures, but a gallon of LH2 at atmospheric pressure (0 psig) is ~113 SCF of H2. The expansion ratio is about 840:1. In metric units, a liter of LH2 at atmospheric pressure (0 MPa) would expand to about 840 liters of STP of gaseous pressure.
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