Bolts Rupture Due to Hydrogen Embrittlement
The bolts on a not further specified industrial facility failed after approximately 4000 hours in service (approximately 18 months in service). Their failure bolts causedH2S leaks. The bolts fractured as a result of a hydrogen embrittlement mechanism (Hydrogen Stress Cracking) in a H2S rich atmosphere and in presence of humidity.
Event Date
December 1, 2003
Record Quality Indicator
Region / Country
Event Initiating System
Classification of the Physical Effects
Nature of the Consequences
Causes (Select all applicable options):
Cause Comments
The cause was a material-component failure due to hydrogen embrittlement. The mechanism is known as SSC (sulfide Stress Cracking). SSC is basically a hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon, in which atomic hydrogen penetrates in the steel cracking it. It is a mechanism susceptible to occur when 3 circumstances take place simultaneously: a susceptible material, a brittle atmosphere (H2S) and a sufficient maintained level of stresses. It is a mechanism that can happen under mechanical loads of remarkably lower magnitudes than the elastic limit of the material, being able to be sufficient the own residual stresses of manufacturing or assembly. Susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of steels is as much greater as it is its mechanical resistance or hardness, a reference value of 26 HRC being used for martensitic stainless steels with quenching and tempering thermal treatment (In this case, bolts had a hardness 48 HRC).
Application Type
Application
Specific Application Supply Chain Stage
Components Involved
Bolts
Storage/Process Medium
Location Type
Location description
Unknown
Operational Condition
Lessons Learned
Unknown
Emergency Action
Unknown
Detonation
No
Deflagration
No
High Pressure Explosion
No
High Voltage Explosion
No
Source Category
References
source lost